The European Parliament describe smart cities as “cities seeking to
address public issues via ICT-based solutions on the basis of a
multi-stakeholder, municipally based partnership”.
A smart city is a city that uses new technologies to produce a more sustainable
urban environment throughout an inclusive and welcoming relationship system,
where policies are strictly related to the citizen’s and city user’s needs.
Recently lots of organisations and researchers tried to set the model
that cities should follow to be “smart” and created an index panel to evaluate
the level of “smartness” of cities. Even if these categories can’t be fitting
for all the cities in the world, because of their differences of background and
size, they are useful to classify all the different initiatives carried on.
The image here below shows the six categories on which the majority of
researches and researches converge: smart governance, smart economy, smart
mobility, smart environment, smart people and smart living.
Smart Governance
To build a successful model of smart city, local government has to set
an inclusive organisations throughout the matching of two opposite approaches:
top-down (from administration to citizens) an bottom up (from citizens - and
their organisations- to administration). This entails partnerships (composed by
public, private and civil organisations) and collaboration within stakeholders
working together in pursuing the aims they identified for the smart development of their city.
This category is often ignored and put at the end of the list but many
consultancy agencies are improving related services as we can see in the video
below.
The key words of this category are participation, transparency and
accountability.
Smart Economy
By smart economy we mean especially services (most of all ICT services)
designed to support innovation processes and start-up projects (i.e. H Farm),
but also smart clusters and eco-systems, like co-working spaces where young
professionals can share offices, skills and ideas too!
In Italy the most important innovations related to this category are the
new interconnection within public and private research centres and service and
goods enterprises.
Smart mobility
This, together with smart environment, is the most “popular” smart category, it concern all ICT tools
in support of integrated transport and logistic systems. The transportation
system has to be safe, sustainable and interconnected and can encompass public
services (trains, metros, buses), shared vehicles (cars and bikes) and
pedestrian services. All the initiatives prioritise and encourage clean and
often non-motorised options. To improve the use of integrated transportation
services the accessibility of real time information (for example throughout
smartphone applications) is a basic service to save time, costs, reduce CO2
emissions and send feed-back to contribute to long-term transportation planning.
Smart Environment
By smart environment we include energetic efficiency, i.e. using less
energy to provide the same service, and environmental sustainability, which
means to protect natural world and to preserve the capability of environment to
support human life (resilience). The initiatives concern, above all, renewable
energy, ICT-enabled energy grids, pollution control and monitoring, renovation
of buildings (green buildings), efficient street lighting and waste management.
Smart People
This category includes all the initiatives aimed to invest on e-skills, on
education and on training of human resources to create an
inclusive society that improves creativity and promote innovation. It can also
concern enabling people and communities to input, use and personalise data
through appropriate tools to make decisions and create services.
Smart Living
This category concern smart life styles, behaviour and consumption and
in Italy has been interpreted also by developing initiatives of touristic and
cultural promotion of cities and territories. Smart living means also healthy
and safe living in a city with high level of social cohesion and social
capital.
Sources
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/
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